There are several types of oral birth control, also known as oral contraceptives, that are available. They mainly comprise of progestin or a combination of both progestin and estrogen.
Progestin is a synthetic hormone that mimics the effects of progesterone, a naturally-occurring hormone in the female body. It is commonly used in hormonal birth control methods to prevent pregnancy by thickening cervical mucus and thinning the lining of the uterus, making it difficult for sperm to reach and fertilize an egg. It can also be used to treat certain menstrual disorders, such as endometriosis, and as part of hormone replacement therapy for menopausal women.
Estrogen is often combined with progestin in hormonal birth control methods, such as the combined oral contraceptive pill (COCP), to prevent pregnancy. The combination of estrogen and progestin works by thickening cervical mucus, making it difficult for sperm to reach and fertilize an egg, and also by preventing ovulation (the release of an egg from the ovary) in most cases. Additionally, it also thins the lining of the uterus, making it less likely for a fertilized egg to implant and grow.Hormonal birth control methods that contain estrogen can also help regulate the menstrual cycle and reduce the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and dysmenorrhea (painful periods).
Combination pills: These contain both estrogen and progestin and are taken daily. They work by preventing ovulation and thickening cervical mucus to make it difficult for sperm to reach an egg.
Progestin-only pills: These contain only progestin and are taken daily. They work by thickening cervical mucus to make it difficult for sperm to reach an egg and by changing the lining of the uterus to prevent implantation of a fertilized egg.
Extended cycle pills: These are combination pills that are taken daily for 12 weeks, followed by a week of inactive pills. During the week of inactive pills, you will have a withdrawal bleeding that is similar to a menstrual period.
Emergency contraception pills: These are taken after unprotected sex or contraceptive failure to prevent pregnancy. They contain either progestin only or a combination of progestin and estrogen
It's important to talk to a healthcare provider if you experience any side effects from your current birth control regiment, or to determine the best type of oral contraceptive for you. They will consider factors such as your medical history, age, and any other medications you may be taking.
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